T-Shirt Women Gin Bottle Riot 1964

In April 1920, the Red Ruhr Army was crushed. It was the last revolutionary mass movement in Germany to date, comprising around 50,000 armed workers. In response to the far-right Lüttwitz-Kapp Putsch, a general strike involving nearly the entire German workforce broke out in March. In Saxony, Thuringia and especially in the Ruhr region, attempts were made to push the general strike towards a "proletarian revolution" and complete the failed revolution of 1918/1919. After fierce fighting with Reichswehr units and the security police, the Red Ruhr Army controlled the Rhine-Westphalian industrial heartland. On 2 April, the Social Democratic (SPD) government dispatched Reichswehr troops to suppress the workers' uprising — despite these units containing the very same proto-fascist forces who, just days earlier, had supported and participated in the far-right putsch against the SPD. At least 1,000 uprising participants were massacred before the fighting ended on 12 April. This included mass summary executions carried out with deliberate psychological torture. Victims were forced to dig their own graves — practices which, according to historian Klaus Gietinger, set a precedent and were later used during the mass murder of the Jewish population in the Eastern Campaign of the German Wehrmacht.

The Red Ruhr Army was organised decentrally through independent executive councils formed across numerous Ruhr cities. Unable or unwilling to recognise these grass-roots proletarian structures from below as something progressive, the German Historical Museum's website today merely notes: "The Red Ruhr Army lacked both a unified command centre and a common political programme."

This month's design pays tribute to the brave, insurgent and now largely forgotten workers of the Red Ruhr Army and was kindly made available to us by Berlin's Disorder Rebel Store. "Glück auf!" is the traditional German miners' greeting, deeply rooted in mining regions like the Ruhr.

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